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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">
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4 <html lang="en">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta name="generator" content=
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7 "HTML Tidy for Mac OS X (vers 1st December 2004), see www.w3.org">
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10
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11 <title>Modelling a system (LTPDA Toolbox)</title>
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12 <link rel="stylesheet" href="docstyle.css" type="text/css">
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13 <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.52.2">
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14 <meta name="description" content=
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15 "Presents an overview of the features, system requirements, and starting the toolbox.">
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16 </head>
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17
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18 <body>
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19 <a name="top_of_page" id="top_of_page"></a>
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20
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21 <p style="font-size:1px;"> </p>
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22
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23 <table class="nav" summary="Navigation aid" border="0" width=
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24 "100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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25 <tr>
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26 <td valign="baseline"><b>LTPDA Toolbox</b></td><td><a href="../helptoc.html">contents</a></td>
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27
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28 <td valign="baseline" align="right"><a href=
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29 "ltpda_training_topic_4_2.html"><img src="b_prev.gif" border="0" align=
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30 "bottom" alt="Transforming models between representations"></a> <a href=
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31 "ltpda_training_topic_4_4.html"><img src="b_next.gif" border="0" align=
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32 "bottom" alt="How to filter data"></a></td>
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33 </tr>
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34 </table>
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35
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36 <h1 class="title"><a name="f3-12899" id="f3-12899"></a>Modelling a system</h1>
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37 <hr>
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38
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Daniele Nicolodi <nicolodi@science.unitn.it>
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39 <p>
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40 <p>
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41 To show some of the possibilities of the toolbox to model digital system we
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42 introduce the usual notation for a closed loop model
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43 </p>
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44 <div align="center">
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45 <img src="images/ltpda_training_1/topic4/ClosedLoop.png" alt="Closed Loop" border="3">
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46 </div>
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47 <p>
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48 In our example we will assume that we know the <tt>pzmodel</tt> of the filter,
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49 <tt>H</tt>, and the open loop gain (OLG). These are related with the closed
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50 loop gain (CLG) by the following equation
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51 </p>
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52 <br>
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53 <div align="center">
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54 <img src="images/ltpda_training_1/topic4/ClosedLoop_eq.png" border="3">
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55 </div>
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Daniele Nicolodi <nicolodi@science.unitn.it>
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56 <br>
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57 <p>
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58 We want to determine H and CLG. We would also like to find a digital filter
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59 for H, but we will deal with this in the following section.
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60 </p>
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61 <h2>Loading the starting models</h2>
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62 <p>
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63 Imagine that we have somehow managed to find the following model for OLG
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64 </p>
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65 <table cellspacing="0" class="body" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="50%">
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66 <colgroup>
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67 <col width="15%"/>
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68 <col width="35%"/>
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69 </colgroup>
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70 <thead>
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71 <tr valign="top">
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72 <th class="categorylist">Key</th>
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73 <th class="categorylist">Value</th>
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74 </tr>
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75 </thead>
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76 <tbody>
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77 <!-- Key 'filename' -->
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78 <tr valign="top">
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79 <td bgcolor="#f3f4f5">
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80 <p><tt>GAIN</tt></p>
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81 </td>
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82 <td bgcolor="#f3f4f5">
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83 4e6
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84 </td>
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85 </tr>
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86 <!-- Key 'filename' -->
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87 <tr valign="top">
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88 <td bgcolor="#f3f4f5">
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89 <p><tt>POLES</tt></p>
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90 </td>
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91 <td bgcolor="#f3f4f5">
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92 1e-6
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93 </td>
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94 </tr>
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95 </tbody>
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96 </table>
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97 <p>
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98 then we can create a <tt>pzmodel</tt> with these parameters as follows
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99 </p>
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100 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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101 OLG = pzmodel(4e6,1e-6,[],<span class="string">'OLG'</span>)
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102 ---- pzmodel 1 ----
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103 name: OLG
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104 gain: 4000000
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105 delay: 0
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106 iunits: []
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107 ounits: []
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108 description:
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109 UUID: 3d8bce32-a9a9-4e72-ab4d-183da69a9b5d
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110 pole 001: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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111 -------------------
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112 </pre></div>
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113 <p>
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114 To introduce the second model, the one describing <tt>H</tt>, we will show another feature
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115 of the <tt>pzmodel</tt> constructor. We will read it from a LISO file,
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116 since this contructor accepts this files as inputs. We can then type
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117 </p>
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118 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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119 H = pzmodel(<span class="string">'topic4/LISOfile.fil'</span>)
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120 ---- pzmodel 1 ----
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121 name: none
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122 gain: 1000000000
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123 delay: 0
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124 iunits: []
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125 ounits: []
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126 description:
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127 UUID: e683b32f-4653-474e-b457-939d33aeb63c
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128 pole 001: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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129 pole 002: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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130 zero 001: (f=0.001 Hz,Q=NaN)
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131 -------------------
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132 </pre></div>
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133 <pp>
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134 and we see how the constructor recognizes and translates the poles and zeros in the file.
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135 The model gets the name from the file but we can easily change it to have
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136 the name of our model
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137 </pp>
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138 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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139 H.setName;
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140 </pre></div>
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141 <pp>
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142 According to our previous definition we can get the <tt>plant</tt> by dividing the
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143 OLG by H. We can do so directly when dealing with <tt>pzmodel</tt> objects
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144 since multiplication and division are allowed for these objects, then
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145 </pp>
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Daniele Nicolodi <nicolodi@science.unitn.it>
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146 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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147 G = OLG/H
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148 ---- pzmodel 1 ----
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149 name: (OLG./H)
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150 gain: 0.004
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151 delay: 0
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152 iunits: []
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153 ounits: []
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154 description:
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155 UUID: fcd166f7-d726-4d39-ad2e-0f3b7141415b
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156 pole 001: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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157 pole 002: (f=0.001 Hz,Q=NaN)
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158 zero 001: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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159 zero 002: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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160 -------------------
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161 </pre></div>
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162 <pp>
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163 which we need to simplify to get rid of cancelling poles and zeros. We also
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164 set the model name here.
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165 </pp>
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166 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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167 G.setName;
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168 G.simplify
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169 ---- pzmodel 1 ----
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170 name: simplify(G)
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171 gain: 0.004
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172 delay: 0
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173 iunits: []
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174 ounits: []
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175 description:
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176 UUID: c1883713-b860-4942-a127-e42ea565460f
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177 pole 001: (f=0.001 Hz,Q=NaN)
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178 zero 001: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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179 -------------------
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180 </pre></div>
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181 <pp>
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182 The CLG requires more than a simple multiplication or division between models
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183 and we will not be able to derive a <tt>pzmodel</tt> for it. However, we can
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184 evaluate the response of this object as follows
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185 </pp>
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186 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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187 pl = plist(<span class="string">'f1'</span>,1e-3,<span class="string">'f2'</span>,5,<span class="string">'nf'</span>,100);
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188 CLG = 1/(1-resp(OLG,pl));
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189 CLG.setName();
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190 CLG.iplot();
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191 </pre></div>
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192 <pp>
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193 which gives us an AO that we can plot
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194 </pp>
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195 <div align="center">
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196 <img src="images/ltpda_training_1/topic4/ClosedLoop_resp.png" alt="Closed Loop response" width="800px" border="1">
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197 </div>
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198 <h2>Fine, but my (real) system has a delay...</h2>
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199 <p>
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200 You can now repeat the same procedure but loading a <tt>H</tt> model with a delay
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201 from the LISO file 'LISOFileDelay.fil'
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202 </p>
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203 <div class="fragment"><pre>
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204 >> HDel = pzmodel(<span class="string">'topic4/LISOfileDelay.fil'</span>)
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205 ---- pzmodel 1 ----
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206 name: none
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207 gain: 1000000000
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208 delay: 0.125
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209 iunits: []
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210 ounits: []
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211 description:
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212 UUID: 6dfbddc5-b186-4405-8f6e-02a2822a22c5
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213 pole 001: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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214 pole 002: (f=1e-06 Hz,Q=NaN)
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215 zero 001: (f=0.001 Hz,Q=NaN)
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216 -------------------
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217 HDel.setName();
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218 pl = plist(<span class="string">'f1'</span>,1e-3,<span class="string">'f2'</span>,5,<span class="string">'nf'</span>,100);
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219 resp([H, HDel],pl)
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220 </pre></div>
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221 <p>
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222 you will see how the delay is correctly handled, meaning that it is added when
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223 we multiply two models and substracted if the models are divided.
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224 </p>
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225 <div align="center">
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226 <img src="images/ltpda_training_1/topic4/ClosedLoop_H_delay.png" alt="Response with delay" width="800px" border="1">
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227 <img src="images/ltpda_training_1/topic4/ClosedLoop_G_delay.png" alt="Response with delay" width="800px" border="1">
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228 </div>
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229
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230
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231
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232
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233
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234
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235
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236 </p>
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237
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238 <br>
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239 <br>
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240 <table class="nav" summary="Navigation aid" border="0" width=
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241 "100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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242 <tr valign="top">
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243 <td align="left" width="20"><a href="ltpda_training_topic_4_2.html"><img src=
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244 "b_prev.gif" border="0" align="bottom" alt=
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245 "Transforming models between representations"></a> </td>
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246
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247 <td align="left">Transforming models between representations</td>
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248
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249 <td> </td>
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250
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251 <td align="right">How to filter data</td>
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252
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253 <td align="right" width="20"><a href=
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254 "ltpda_training_topic_4_4.html"><img src="b_next.gif" border="0" align=
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255 "bottom" alt="How to filter data"></a></td>
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256 </tr>
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257 </table><br>
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258
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259 <p class="copy">©LTP Team</p>
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260 </body>
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261 </html>
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